Telephone-exchange system.



E. E'. CLEMENT. TELEPHONE EXCHANGE SYSTEM-I l APPLICATION FILED SEPT.Z1, 1905.

1,109,615, Pateted Sept. 1, 1914.-

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

. Witwe/aou;

E, E. CLEMENT. 4 TELEPHONE EXCHANGE SYSTEM. APPLIOATON FILED SEPT.21,1905. 1,109,615 4 i' Patented Sept. 1, 1914.

a slings-SHEET 2.

E. E. CLEMENT. TELEPHONE EXCHANGE SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 21, 1905.

- Patented Sept. 1

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

`WYTNESSES VUNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEIoE.

EDWARD E. CLEMENT, lor WASHINGTON, DISTRICT 0E COLUMBIA, AsSIGNoR, RYMESNE ASSIGNMENTS, To FREDERICK C. STEVENS, 0E ATTICA, NEW YORK.

TELEPHONE-EXCHANGE SYSTEM. v

To all 'whom it may concern Beit l-:nown that I, EDWARD E. CLEMENT, acitir/.en of the United States, residinrr at VashIngton, in the Districtof Colunibia, have invented certain `new and useful Im.- irovements inTelephone-Exchange Systems, of which the following a Specification,reference being had therein to the accoi'npanying drawing.

My invention relates to telephone eX- change systems, and has for itsobject the improvement of such sir-'stems by the use of what I ternisemi-automatic connections, vthat isthose in which automatic switchesare used as auxiliaries to supplement the'work of the operator. ploythese auxiliary mechanisms in two relations: The lirstset of mechanismslie between the operator and the calling subscriber, and the second setof mechanisms I interpose between the 'saine operator and the wantedsubscriber. l

The progress of a. connection is as follows: The calling subscriber byAsimply removing his receiver from the hook selects an idle answeringterminal somewhere on the' board, and thereby gets immediate attention,jThe' operator before whom the selected terminal and its associatedsignal are loca-ted, answers the Galland ascertains the number wanted.She then switches the callinglline to a trunk leading to an automaticswitch in whose banks the terminals of the wanted line are located',`and by means of a sender associated with hei` telephone set,shenvorks-the automatic switch to'eomp'lete the connection. In otherwords,^by uniformly. distributing the load I economize the operators-time and work them at maximum eliieiency all the; time, and I do awaywith the multiple in an ordinary switchboarrh substituting trunks."l

The appearance of the switchboard is very simple,- each operato-1'handling from three` to 'five times as many 4lines as heretoforepdssible. lVlthfitty answering-Jacks, and from 25 to 50 pairs of plugs,the. operatorhas anequal number of trunk-jacks. The percentage ofselective switches tothe number of lines is about ten, so that withfifty switches the operator should average 500 lines. This, however, isprobably a maximum, although with uniform distribution Ait is entirelywithin reason. V My invention is illustrated inthe accom-` panyingdrawings wherein:

Specification of Letters Patent.

In the present case I em! Patented sept. 1,1914.

Application led September 21, 1905. Serial No. 279,481.

Figure 1 is a diagram showing a subsc ibers sub-station, a centralstation with a rotating selective device and also-a connective circuitequipped with a sender. Fig. 2 is a similar diagram showing a trunk jackterminating in'a connector switch and a` subscribers sub-station withcentral oflice equipnient. Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic plan view showingthe primary selector switch. Fig. 4 is a skeleton diagram showing linevmultiples and. the distribution ofcalls. l. I

Referring to Fig. l, I will first describe the selector switch and itsoperation and will -then describe the'circnit by which it isoperated.

The vselector I hate shown comprises a constantly driven shaft X with alcollar carrying the arm X which in turn carries the contacts or wipersprings @as and m9 which are constantly sweeping over the circularlyvarranged series of coperating contacts.

The wiper .TR sweeps over a continuous ring :1:7 while the wiper aisweeps over a series of contacts leading to different lines. The shaftinthe present case is shown as being driven by agbelt L and a pulley L',but it will'be understood that the driving means may be' of Aanysuitable description. The several. selectors are all driven bypreference from the saine shaft so as to secure not only economy ofpower and transmission, but perfect uniformity in speeds of the Selectorarms which may be swept over multiple contacts of the same line.

An individual selector mechanism such as I have shown at X comprises aysleeve or collar m1 mounted loosely on the shaft and held lin positionby the two collars x and :1:12 which are securely fastened to the shaftX. The movable collar ,m10 is fitted with a projecting tubular armpreferably of copper' .or brass which carries the windings .1',3 andfcupon it and the combination core or plunger w15 within it, the arm thus:constituting in effect a solenoid with a plunger core.

,The windings are held in place by the two spools ai and m50.. On thefront spool end is fastened a case mfwhich contains the coil spring m19by which the plunger is normally kept retracted toward the shaft asshown in the figure. The function of this plunger is two-fold. In thenormal or idle condition of the parts it serves as la locking detent orclutchlto hold Ythe arm fast on the Shaft. its ends projecting at thesame time coA into an opening or socket in the shaft as indicated atWhen the arm is opposite the calling line terminal Vthe plunger' isthrown forward and its outer end enters the jack ring w79, the inner endat thesame time leaving its socket in the shaftthus starting the arm andspreading the jacku springs to. form the necessary connections. Theinner end of the lungerl is of soft iron with a hard tip iP necessary.Its outer end 'is of insulating material such as hard wood or liber. Thewinding of the magnet is double consisting of an inner and outer layer.like the primary and secondary oi' an induction coil. Onefterininal ofthe outer winding is connected to the wiper w8, the

' other terminal of the coilbeing grounded'.J

One terminal of the inner winding is connected to the wiper ze", theother terminal being grounded. Of course these two windings of thesolenoids may be placed on the tube or sleeve in any desired fashion.The

only requirement is that either winding when energized shall be able topull in the core w15. i

The contacts or jack springs are built up in layers such as shown in thesection, Fig.

1, and are arranged in a circle so that the wipers of the solenoid inrotating always rest on some contact. All the lines in a certainposition terminate in individual con-' tacts and are multiplied in thebanks of the switches of'its position. There is a certain percentage ofthese switches toeach position in theexchange, usually about 10%, and

instead of each line terminating in an an'- swering jack it terminatesin multiplied contacts of al group of these switches and these switchesin turn pick out the line and connect it to a trunk jack with a signalasso-V ciatedwith it in front of an operator.

Having 'now described the operation of the 'selector switches orsolenolds we will now` take up the description of the circuits :by whichthey are controlled: In Fig. l the subscribers station shown' at A isequipped y withA apparatus usually found in common battery installationsconsisting of transmitter T, receiver R, hook H, ringers Q, condensersC. The lines from this station terminate in a line relay M to thenormally closed contacts of the cut-oli relay N. `When the relay N isenergized the line relay is group of switches through the vextensions 5and 6 respectively.' lilach line in A addition to having` multiple'contacts in the banks' of the 'select'or switches 'also vhas multiplecontacts in the banks of connector switches for outgoing calls, from thecentral office to the substations.. These connector switches terminateim multiple trunk jacks in front' of therdierent operators. 1n a groupof selector-switches the switch arm, there will be ten momentary'contacts eiected with the line during one second. By this arrangementthe time consumed in answering a call by picking out the calling line,is made of very short duration. This general arrangement is shown inskeleton form in Fig. 4. The line from subscribers station A is carriedto c0rre.

spending multiple contacts in the banks 4of l0 primary selectors markedtrom X0 to 9X", giving l() answering multiples, and also tocorresponding multiples in the banks of a number of selector switchesindicated at Z0, lZo and QZ". Another line 1A is shown similarlyconnected,.the subscribers stationA for convenience beinfr indicatedupon the opposite side of the gure. It will be ob-` served that theswitch arms of the several primary selector switches are arrangedhelically, or angularly spaced apartl around the common driving shaft.Since each line is multiplied to vertical recurring or correspendingcontacts in the several banks, it follows that as all the arms sweeparound in unison only one of them will touch a Contact on the samelineat any given instant, but in the course of a single revolution oftheishaft, each of them will have passed over the contact of that linein its own bank, the 10 arms thus making 10 test contacts on the same?line in a single revolution.

The front contact of the relay M'is connected to thecont'act in thebank/of the switch X and also to the multiple contacts in the otherswitches of the same group.

The, trunk wires 9 and 10 are connected to the Vbus contacts :cs 'and merespectively. These contacts are common to every pair of line springs.Ain thejbank so that when the plunger oli the solenoid is'ope'rated anyline vin the bank can be connected to the trunk wires 9 and 1 0. Thecontact c1-is connected yto the signal lamps through the contacts j'andjz c. the jack J and also to thenormally vopenedcontact p30 or" therelay P3. The relay P3 controls the solenoid magnet after the line relayhas been disconnected. Thetrunk wires 9 and '10 terminate in the springsj and j of the 'ack'l The cord or connective circuit con sts of theanswering plu P and calling plug 'F5 with their tips an sleevesrespectively con-v nected by the strand 20, condenser C, strand vibi@of-switch known as the Strowger type. 'In .1 pla-cel of the'ordinaryback release relays .moment bri ged :battery urnishing talking currentfor the calling subscriber. The third -.con

. ductor p2 of the plug sP is fconnectedto the 'nominally open 'Contacts1.of .the -relay S.

This third conductor p2 when placedl in l'the jack J enghgestheithimbleer ring j", which is )connected tofone terminal 'of the relay Pa andalsojto the spring i4. This spring normally engages the spring jconnected to the sleeve side vof the trunk. kThe 4sender or transmittingdevice is connected Yto the tip and sleeve fotthecalling plug and isrepresented diagrammatically :by thecams K and K. -When the cam K isoperated ground impulses aresentfoverfthe tip or vertical side of `the`trunkoperating the vertical relay in the connector switch, Fig. 2,which in turn performs other functions. The' cam K when operated sendsimpulses over the sleeve or rotary side of the trunk operating therotary relay S3 which in turn controls the private Irelay side switchesand tests, etc., in the connector switch. When both cams K and K areoperated simultaneously,

impulses are sent in over the vertical and rotary sides of the trunkeecting the release of the switch as will be described'later.

lReferring now to Fig. 2 the connector switch here showndiagrammatically can be of any-standard form that will respond toimpulses over both sides of the line. For illustration I have used theWell known form itthich are v'connected to the called end of the thunk.lnfthe switch I have connected two retardation coils I and I withbridged batv Ifurnishing' talking current for the subscriber, andinstead of connecting `('fhe'release magnet W `to the test wiper'through the-side switch e6 I have connected l 'to thet-ip -or verticalwiper a. This relay a'sensitive relay W 'through this side switch W.controlstherelease magnet W. I have dis ensed with the ordinary thirdwiper viihiph in the Strowgerl system is used for I-.testln-gLas I nowtest directly from the tip 'or' vertical side of lthel'line. Theprincipal .par-ts of this switch are the spindle Z, carrythe wipers aandl z2 which are insulated `ll'frorn one another. On the spindle Zthere is a ratchet with circular teeth engaged. by

'tli'e Eawl controlled by the vertical magnet t is magnet being operatedby the vertical relay S2 when the'side switches a3, c4,

a, and c are Aresting on .the first contact. These side switches areoperated mechanically 'by thevprivate r'elay .P after it first .becomesenergized and then denergized.

The energizing and denergizing of'this re laymove the side switches gnestep. The circuit ofth-is relay -is controlled by the roplug the relaysS and S lare connected with;

tary `relay 'Ss which responds -to impulses over the .rotary vside 'oflthe line. On the spindle Z Ithere is another ratchet with long teethwhich when engaged by the `pawl controlled by the rotary 'magnet V.causes 'the spindle .to rotate andthe wipers a and z2 to pass over thecontacts in the bank. The rotary magnet Vis controlled by =the ver-.tical relay S2 after 'the side switches move from the first to thesecond position. The ringing relay 'Y is also controlled yby the relayS2 after the side switches have moved the second time. This relay whenenergized disconnects the calling end of the trunk and places generatorcurrent on the. called-end thus supplying current for ringing the calledsubscribers bell.

The apparatus shown at the substation A is identical with that lof A,and the central yolice equipment for the lines from both substations isthe same', hence its description need not be repeated. The operation ofmy system is as follows: The subscriber at station A desiring to make acall removes his receiver from the hook which closes thecircuit of the'line relay M through the normally closed contacts on the cut-oill relayN.

The relay M becoming energized attracts its armature and places batteryon the multiple test contacts of the switches in whichA its line ismultiplied. The circuit of one of the rotating solenoids in passing overthis contact' is closed by the following path:

battery B, 12,711., m', 13, through one I of the windings of thesolenoid to ground. -This solenoid-becoming energized the plun- V germ15 springs forward into theopening of the jack :en and spreads thecontacts m5 and fr connecting a line to the trunk wires 9 and 10respectively. nection is completed the circuit of the relay N is closedby the following path: battery As soon as this con- B, winding of therelay P3, 8, ,7"1, j', '10, x6

w3, 6, N, to ground. The relay N becoming energized disconnects the linerelay M and connects the line wires 1 and 2 to the trunk wires 9 and `10through the extensions 5 and- 6 respectively. The relay M beingdisconnected removes battery from the test conitact x but the solenoidis held enero'ized through the winding by the following path:

battery B, 15, p10, p3", 11, a, w8 through :the winding to ground. Therelay` P3 becomes energized at the same instant the re- `lay M isdisconnected thereby holding'the solenoid X energized and at the sametime closes the circuit of the lamp by the following Pthi B9 15 pm p30:117 14a .7.21 125 8a to ground. rlhe operator perceiving this lampglowing inserts Vthe plug P into the .jack J opening .the contacts jgand ja extin-v guishing the lamp s. The contacts j and j are alsoldisconnected removing the relay P? l:from trunk wire 10. This relayVnow instead i 'fof being held energized through the'windV ing of therelay N has its circuit closed by the following path: ground s, 8.10, 2,j', 8, P to battery B. Relays S and g' are held up by current throughthe subscribers line as follows: battery B, relay S225, 2l, p, j, 10,w3, 6, 2, sub-station telephone, l, 5, :122, m5 9,'31'3, p, 20, 26, Sandground. There is an additional current flow from the battery throughrelay S to Ground through the cut ofi' relay N, which'maintains the lineconnected to its extensions 5 and 6. The circuit .of the relay N remainsclosed in series with the relay S until the plug is removed. Theoperator throwing forward her listening key asks for the numberdesiredand instead of placing the calling plug in the multiple jackleading directly to the party desired, she places the calling plug Pinto the trunk jack J not busy and leading to the connectorv switchcontaining the contacts of the line wanted. Having made this connection'she loperates the cam K a number of times responding to the tens numeralof the desired line. Referring now to Fig.

Zthese impulses coming in over the vertical side of the trunk operatethe relay S2 which -inturn closes the circuit of the vertical mag net .Vby the following path: ground, S7, s", 43, p4, p3, 37, es, 46, o, 48,44,`to battery B.

This magnet operating a number of timesI corresponding to the number ofVimpulsesV causes the spindle Z to step up vertically bringing the wipersz and 22 op'positethe. row. containing the contacts of the desired line.After sending this set of impulses she operates the cam K ysending animpulse overthe rotary side of the'line operating thewrelay. S3 which inturn vcloses the circuitl of the private relay P10 by the follow,-v

ing path: ground, si, ss, P10, 42, to battery B.,- Thisl relay in Hturnopens the contacts i pf and pztdisconnects the Vertical magnet vertical'movement.

come in and the relay P10 become dener- V preventing the spindle frommaking a After the impulses gized the side switches make one step. In

, the switch e3 the vertical magnet V is .dis-

connected and the rotary magnet V is cpr;- nected in its place. In theswitch a the test relay W is now in position for testing". The

v operator now manipulates the cam K '"endtrunk corresponding to the'unit numeral of.

ing impulses over the vvertical side of,z` the the linedesired operatingthe relay S2, which in turn now4 closes the circuit of the rotary magnetV by the following path: gro"nd, Si, s, 722, p23, 37, e3, 45, V, 48, 44,

n to battery B. This magnet operating causes the spindle Z to rotate andthe wipers e and .e2 to rest on the contacts of the desired line. Shenow operates the cam K' sending van impulse over the rotary side of theline operating the relay S3 which closes the circuit of the relay P andconnects the test relay `W to.l the tip side of the line by thefollowing path: battery B, lV, 52, ps, p5,

36, a, 53, z', to el. l If thex called line was busy the Contact ,27would be grounded through the retardation coil I of some other switchand the relay 'W would become energized closing the circuit of therelease magnet and restoring the switch to its normal or idle position.Taking it for granted that the line called for is not busy, that is, noground is found 'on the contact 27 the relay IV is not effected. Afterthe rotary impulses come in the relay P10 becomes de nergized and thesideswitches `move to the last position'. In the switch s the rotaryrelay V is disconnected and the ringing relay Y is connected in itsplace. In the' switches zt and z thetrunk wires 29 and 30 respectivelyare connected to' the trunkwires 49 and 50 through the normallyclosed-contacts of the ringing relay Y thus completing the connectionbetween the calling and called subscriber. In the switch a the testrelay W is disconnected. The circuit of the.l relay N of the calledsubscriber is now closed by the following path: battery B, 4.4-, 35, 34,3o, ys, ff, 32, Z5, 5o, Z2, as, N, to ground. This relay becomingenergized. disconnects the line relay M and connects the line wirestothe contacts al and e@ respectively. The operator now depresses thecam K operating the relay S2 which now in turn closes the circuit of theringing relay Y in the same manner as it closed. that of. the verticaland rotary magnets. The4 relay Y becoming energized disconnects thecalling end of the trunk and sends current from the generator G to thewipers Z and s2 and.

from there to the station of the desired party. `When thecalled partyanswers he. is supplied with talking current through the'two retardationcoils I and I.

At the Vend ofthe conversation the calling subscriber upon hanging upopens his line circuit denergizing the relayfS which upon breaking thecontacts 81, s, opens the circuit of the relay PS. The relay P3 nowopens the contacts p10 and p30 disconnecting battery from the winding ofthe solenoid, the plunger of which under'theinuence of the coiled springreturns to-its normal position, and the switchX again'begins to rotate.The operator-.noticing the amp s0 glowin after the calling party is,jdi'sconnected wlthdraws the plug P from` the jack J and depresses thecams K and K simultaneously operating both' the vertical and rotaiiyrelays S3 and Sa at the same time. These relays operating in this man?.ner close the circuit of the release relay W by the following path:ground, 85, 89,. 52, W,

to battery B. This relay nowin turn attracts its armaturecloses thecircuitof the Instead of the operator pressing the camsV K and K at theend oi. the conversation to release the switch it can be doneautomatically. I have shown it in the manner illus'- trated forsimplicity. A

Having thus described myinvention, what I claim and desire to secure byLetters Pat' ent is:

1. In a telephone exchange system, a plu- I rality of subscribers lines,a plurality of with a supervisory signal rendered opera-l tive when thecall is answered, and automatic connective switching means intermediatethe calling terminals and the subscribers lines.

2. In a telephone exchange system, a plu-l rality of subscribers lines,a plurality of answering terminals'less than the total number ofsubscribers lines, connecting or calling terminals for the subscriberslines, an operators connective circuitadapted to connect an answeringwith a 'calling terminal, automatic switching means responsive tocurrent in a calling line to connect the same with an answeringterminal. a callin si al placed under control of the calling subscriberthrough said switching means, a supervisory signal placed Under controlof said subscriber in answering a call, and automatic connective meansinterpolated between calling terminals and subscribers lines andarranged to be directively actuated to connect the calling terminalswith the subscribers lines. a

3. In a telephone exchange system, a .plurality of subscribers lines, aplurality of answering-jacks less in number than the number of lines, aprimary selector switch associated with each answering jackfandcontaining line-terminals, automatic controlling means for said switchresponsive to a call over any of the lines having terminals in theswitch, and operators connective apparatus adapted to coperate with saidan- "imring jacks, to complete Athe connection of *l line calling with aline wanted, and

itching means transferri'ig the control of said selector switchto theoperator upon' connection of the operators circuit with said answeringjacks, substantially as deioed. y

s, telephone exchange system, a plusubscribers lines, a plurality of igjacks less in number than the aber of lines, a plurality of connectingjacks having connection with the lines, au-

tomatic primary selector switches for con- -necting the lines to theanswering jacks. operators means to connect an answering jack with aconnecting jack, means to actuate said switches controlled by a line incalling, and retainingmeans independent of the said actuating means andholding the switch in actuated' positions until connection is made withan answering j ack. Y 5. In a telephone exchange system, Ia plurality ofsubscribers lines, a plurality of answering-jacks, a selector switchassociated with each answering-jack and containing line-terminals, acontrolling magnet for said switch, means to drive the switch, means controlled by a line in calling to determine the actuation of saidmagnetand the control of the switch to connect the callingv line with ananswering-jack, and retaining means for the said switch independent ofthe line, substantially as described.

6. In a telephone exchange system, a plurality of subscribers linesterminating at a central oilice, answering terminals therefor lessin'number than the number of subscribers lines, manual connectiveapparatus adapted to connect with said answering ter-v min'als andincluding an o-peratoivs set and a supervisory signal, and meanscontrollable by a calling subscriber and normally disasscribers lines tosaid answering terminals, together with automatic means controlledthrough the said manual apparatus to effect connection between saidanswering terminals and called lines.

7. In a telephone exchange system, a plurality of subscribers linesterminating at a central otice, answing terminals therefor less innumber than the number of subscribers lines, manual connective apparatusadapted to connect with said answeringterininals land including anoperators set and a supervisory signal, and means controllable by acalling subscriber and normally disasseciated from manual apparatus,lines, and operators sets to automatically connect the subscribers linesto said answering tecnifinals, together with means controlled by theoperator through said manual apparatus to cause the answering terminalsto be automatically connected to wanted line terminals, substantially asdescribed.

8. Ina telephone exchange system, a plurality of line-circuits andconnective means comprising means to distribute incoming calls byconnecting the callinglines to varilos ous answering terminals,automatic devices:A

for connecting with wanted lines, means to switch said answeringterminals manually to automaticdevice's land means whereby saidautomatic devices will complete the connections to the wanted lines,each of saidl line circuits having' terminals multipled in saiddistributing means and said automatic connective devices, substantiallyas described.

9. l'n a telephone exchange' system, linecircuits and connectiveapparatus therefor used Ain sets with interchangeable units7 the irstunit or link of each set having an antoniatic selector switch for oneterminall to pick up lines calling, and an. individua-l spring jack forthe other terminal, the second unit or link composed of an operatorsplugs and cord-conductors, and the third unit. or link composed of atrunk-line terminating at one end in a jack associated with thecperators plugs and cords, and at the other end in an automaticconnector switch containing line-terminals multipled from the selectorswitches of the rst link, substantially as described.

l0. In a telephone exchange system, a plurality of line-circuits, aprimary selector switch, an individual terminal or answering- `jack,therefor, an operators cord-circuit having a sending mechanismassociated therewith, a trunk jack, a trunk line leading therefrom andan automatic connector switch containing line-terminals, said primaryselector being automatically operated by the subscriber in calling toconnect the calling line with the answering-jack, and said automaticconnector switch being controlled by the operator through her sender tocomplete the desired connection and said lines having multipliedterminals in each of said selector and connector switches, substantiallyas described.

11. ln a telephone exchange system, line circuits 1&2, relays M and Nassociated with each line, an automatic selector switch containingterminals, m2, x3, 05 and fue, a controlling magnet and driving-meansfor said switch, a spring-jack J, withan associated signal s, and acontrolling relay P, an Oper- 'ators cord-circuit having terminal plugsP,

P', bridged relays S, S', a supervisory signal s", and a sender withswitching means, K, K', together with a trunk jack J and an automaticconnector switch Z connected thereto, containing line terminals,Y andadapted to be `controlled by the operators sender, substantially asdescribed.

12. In a telephone exchange system, a plurality of subscribers lines,connection links between said lines, one of said links consisting of aselector switch adapted to make connection with a calling line, a secondlink comprising an operators manual cord circuit and adapted to beconnected with the automatic switchthrough a spring jack associated withthe latter and a third link comprising a trunk circuit having anautomatic selector switch adapted to be controlled by Ithe operator to.select and connect with a wanted line, said lines having multipliedterminals in each of said switches. l

13. In a telephone exchange system, suban automatic selector switch forselecting and connecting with a calling line, an autoscribers lines, acentral oflice provided with matic connector switch for connecting witha wanted line, said lines having answering and connecting'multiples inthe switches respectively, and an operators cord circuit adapted toconnect said automatic-selector and connector switches throughspringjacks associated with the respective switches, and means includedin said cord circuit to control said automatic connector switch toeffect connection with the wanted line.'

In testimony `whereof I have aiiiXed my signature in presence of twowitnesses.

EDWARD E. CLEMENT. lNitnesses E. EDMONSTON, Jr.,

JAMES H. MARR.

